C# 实现键盘钩子,在搜狗输入法使用中,获取键盘输入
C# 实现键盘钩子,在搜狗输入法使用中,获取键盘输入
百度百科:解释
Windows系统是建立在事件驱动的机制上的,说穿了就是整个系统都是通过消息的传递来实现的。而钩子是Windows系统中非常重要的系统接口,用它可以截获并处理送给其他应用程序的消息,来完成普通应用程序难以实现的功能。
钩子可以监视系统或进程中的各种事件消息,截获发往目标窗口的消息并进行处理。这样,我们就可以在系统中安装自定义的钩子,监视系统中特定事件的发生,完成特定的功能,比如截获键盘、鼠标的输入,屏幕取词,日志监视等等。
钩子的本质是一段用以处理系统消息的程序,通过系统调用,将其挂入系统。钩子的种类有很多,每种钩子可以截获并处理相应的消息,每当特定的消息发出,在到达目的窗口之前,钩子程序先行截获该消息、得到对此消息的控制权。此时在钩子函数中就可以对截获的消息进行加工处理,甚至可以强制结束消息的传递。
全局钩子:全局钩子,能够截获所有运行在操作系统上的程序发送的消息,但是因其全局性,钩子安装之后,会比较损耗性能,在使用完毕之后,必须实时的卸载。
进程钩子:可以针对某一个进程,仅仅截获某一个应用程序的消息,比较具有针对性,适用于普通的信息管理系统。
//定义委托
/// <summary> /// 键盘处理事件委托,接受返回win32的委托 /// </summary> /// <param name="nCode"></param> /// <param name="wParam"></param> /// <param name="lParam"></param> /// <returns></returns> public delegate int HookHandle(int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam); /// <summary> /// 客户端处理钩子回调的键盘处理事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="hookKey">钩子的唯一标志</param> /// <param name="key">按下的键</param> /// <param name="handle">客户端是否处理了这个值</param> public delegate void ProcessKeyHandle(int hookKey, Keys key, out bool handle);
//抽象键盘钩子KeyBoardHook
/// <summary> /// 键盘钩子 /// </summary> public abstract class KeyBoardHook { #region 字段 /// <summary> /// 当前钩子的id /// </summary> protected int hHookId = 0; /// <summary> /// 外部调用的键盘处理事件 /// </summary> protected ProcessKeyHandle clientMethod = null; /// <summary> /// 当前模块的句柄 /// </summary> protected IntPtr hookWindowPtr = IntPtr.Zero; /// <summary> /// 勾子程序处理事件 /// </summary> protected HookHandle keyBoardHookProcedure; protected int hookKey; #endregion #region 属性 /// <summary> /// 获取或设置钩子的唯一标志 /// </summary> public int HookKey { get { return this.hookKey; } set { this.hookKey = value; } } #endregion /// <summary> /// 安装钩子 /// </summary> /// <param name="clientMethod"></param> /// <returns></returns> public abstract bool Install(ProcessKeyHandle clientMethod); /// <summary> /// 钩子处理函数 /// </summary> /// <param name="nCode"></param> /// <param name="wParam"></param> /// <param name="lParam"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected abstract int GetHookProc(int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam); /// <summary> /// 卸载钩子 /// </summary> public virtual void UnInstall() { bool retKeyboard = true; if (hHookId != 0) { retKeyboard = Win32API.UnhookWindowsHookEx(hHookId); hHookId = 0; } //if (hookWindowPtr != IntPtr.Zero) //{ // Marshal.FreeHGlobal(hookWindowPtr); //} if (!retKeyboard) { throw new Exception("UnhookWindowsHookEx failed."); } } }
//进程钩子,只能捕捉本进程的按键信息
/// <summary> /// 进程钩子,只能捕捉本进程的按键信息 /// </summary> public class ProcessHook : KeyBoardHook { public override bool Install(ProcessKeyHandle clientMethod) { try { this.clientMethod = clientMethod; // 安装键盘钩子 if (hHookId == 0) { keyBoardHookProcedure = GetHookProc; hookWindowPtr = Win32API.GetModuleHandle(Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainModule.ModuleName); hHookId = Win32API.SetWindowsHookEx( (int)HookType.WH_KEYBOARD, keyBoardHookProcedure, IntPtr.Zero, Win32API.GetCurrentThreadId() ); //如果设置钩子失败. if (hHookId == 0) UnInstall(); } return true; } catch { return false; } } protected override int GetHookProc(int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam) { if (nCode == 0 && nCode != 3) { bool isKeyDown = false; if (IntPtr.Size == 4) { isKeyDown = (((lParam.ToInt32() & 0x80000000) == 0)); } if (IntPtr.Size == 8) { isKeyDown = (((lParam.ToInt64() & 0x80000000) == 0)); } // 键盘按下 if (isKeyDown) { //Debug.WriteLine("key down_________________________"); //触发事件把安装信息通知客户端 if (clientMethod != null) { //进程钩子,按键值在这里 Keys keyData = (Keys)wParam; bool handle; clientMethod(this.hookKey, keyData, out handle); if (handle)//如果处理了就直接停止 1: { Win32API.CallNextHookEx(hHookId, nCode, wParam, lParam); return 1; } } } } return Win32API.CallNextHookEx(hHookId, nCode, wParam, lParam); } }
//Win32API 调用封装在User32.dll中的方法,如果我们的程序需要用到钩子,首先需要将钩子对应的程序集导入到我们的系统中。
public class Win32API { /// <summary> /// 获取窗体线程ID /// </summary> /// <param name="hwnd">窗体句柄</param> /// <param name="ID"></param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] public static extern int GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hwnd, int ID); /// <summary> /// 设置钩子 /// </summary> /// <param name="idHook">钩子id</param> /// <param name="lpfn">钩子处理方法</param> /// <param name="hInstance">句柄</param> /// <param name="threadId">线程id</param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern int SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, HookHandle lpfn, IntPtr hInstance, int threadId); /// <summary> /// 取消钩子 /// </summary> /// <param name="idHook"></param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] public static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(int idHook); /// <summary> /// 调用下一个钩子 /// </summary> /// <param name="idHook">本钩子id</param> /// <param name="nCode"></param> /// <param name="wParam"></param> /// <param name="lParam"></param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern int CallNextHookEx(int idHook, int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam); /// <summary> /// 获取当前线程ID /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] public static extern int GetCurrentThreadId(); [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] public static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string name); }
钩子工厂 KeyBoardHookHelper
public class KeyBoardHookHelper { public static KeyBoardHook CreateHook(KeyBoardHookType keyBoardHookType) { return new ProcessHook(); } }
窗口辅助类:FromHelper
public class FromHelper { private KeyBoardHook hook; /// <summary> /// 创建进程键盘钩子 /// </summary> public void CreateProcessHook() { if (hook != null) { hook.UnInstall(); } //使用工厂类创建出对应的钩子。 hook = KeyBoardHookHelper.CreateHook(KeyBoardHookType.Process); if (hook.Install(ClientProcessKeyHandle)) { hook.HookKey = this.GetHashCode(); } } //客户端传给钩子的监听方法。 private void ClientProcessKeyHandle(int hookKey, Keys key, out bool handle) { handle = false; if (hookKey == hook.HookKey) { OnClientProcessKeyHandle(key, out handle); } return; } /// <summary> /// 子类重写键盘钩子处理方法(系统中存在多个窗体,可将该代码放入到窗体基类中,子类只需重写该方法即可。) /// </summary> /// <param name="key"></param> /// <param name="handle"></param> protected virtual void OnClientProcessKeyHandle(Keys key, out bool handle) { handle = false; Console.WriteLine(key); ////截获消息并进行处理。 //if ((int)key == (int)Keys.F2)//保存, //{ // OnSaveOrder(this.tsbtn_Save); // handle = true; //} } }
界面调用方法:
public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private FromHelper fhelper = new FromHelper(); private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { fhelper.CreateProcessHook(); } }
界面效果:
这时在搜索浮动窗口时,可以获取键盘输入字符串